Management Decision Making

A Good Decision Making is the advantage of linking with Xiu. com for eBay. They link with each other because they have a common business idea and goal. However, a good decision making is very important to achieve the business goal. Decision-making are important skills for business. Problem-solving and decision-making are linked. They also require creativity in identifying and developing options. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis are very useful to help decision-making and problem-solving.SWOT analysis can help to assess the strength and weakness of the companies, and opportunities and threats of external factors. PEST analysis can help to assess the potential and suitability of market. Good decision-making requires some skills. For example, creative development and identification of options, clarity of judgement,firmness of decision, and effective implementation. Moreover, Partnership companies need to have consensus in decison-making, workshops can help and include those tools and pro cess. Problem Solving and Decision Making) There are six steps for companies to make deicison. First, define the problems. Second, combine all the facts and understand the reasons. Third, think about some possible solutions. Fourth, consider and compare the advantages and disadvangatages of the possible solutions. Fifth, select the best solution. Sixth, explain your decision to employee sand follow up to make sure the effective implementation. When the partnership companies make the decisions, Xiu. om and eBay can share the risks,costs and the loss(or profit). Also, they can have more sources of capital to put into the busines and make a better decision to have more potential for growth. They can less their problems in financial investment. They can support each other,make a good decison and solve the problems in business together for the betterment of the company. eBay and Xiu. com the partners have different skills because eBay provides service to US people and Xiu. com provide se rvice to mainland people. When hey work together, their skills and talents compliment each others can make a good business team because they have more information and knowledges to make a good decision. Partnership companies always have delay when they make decision because they need to consider the partners and need to have their partners' agreement. Also, the most obvious disadvantages of partnership is the danger of disagreements between the partners. The companies will have different ideas when they make the decisons about how business should run.Disagreements and disputes can harm the business and the relationship of partners. There are many families and friends go into business together and they all ends badly because they have many agruements when they make decisions. (Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnership) The companies need a big amount of capital when they make the decision. However, one of the partners can take all the capital in company. It has a lot of risks to ha ve partnership with others. Recommendation: There has a lot of competitors in e-commerce service provider.For example, Tmall. com is a big competitor to eBay. com and Xiu. com when they link up because Tmall. com is the mainland's largest business in e-commerence service provider. To solve this problem, eBay and Xiu. com can make a good decison. eBay can connect the online shoppers in mainland to some trusted sellers in the United States and Xiu. com can handle the sales, logistics and customer services to mainland customers. This decision can help them gain more customers around the world, have a larger profit in thir business and fight against the competitiors.To avoid the disagreements and disputes problems, the companies should draft a decision plan during the formation to make sure everyone know the procedures and the information of the decisions. They should have a good communication to help them not to delay and make mistakes when they make decisions. To avoid working with di shonest partners, they should choose a trustworthy partner,plan well and keep a good relationship with your partners. It can help each other to catch up the business and develope the trust. Also, it can help them to have better communication and it can have less agruements when they make the decisions. Management Decision Making A Good Decision Making is the advantage of linking with Xiu. com for eBay. They link with each other because they have a common business idea and goal. However, a good decision making is very important to achieve the business goal. Decision-making are important skills for business. Problem-solving and decision-making are linked. They also require creativity in identifying and developing options. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis are very useful to help decision-making and problem-solving.SWOT analysis can help to assess the strength and weakness of the companies, and opportunities and threats of external factors. PEST analysis can help to assess the potential and suitability of market. Good decision-making requires some skills. For example, creative development and identification of options, clarity of judgement,firmness of decision, and effective implementation. Moreover, Partnership companies need to have consensus in decison-making, workshops can help and include those tools and pro cess. Problem Solving and Decision Making) There are six steps for companies to make deicison. First, define the problems. Second, combine all the facts and understand the reasons. Third, think about some possible solutions. Fourth, consider and compare the advantages and disadvangatages of the possible solutions. Fifth, select the best solution. Sixth, explain your decision to employee sand follow up to make sure the effective implementation. When the partnership companies make the decisions, Xiu. om and eBay can share the risks,costs and the loss(or profit). Also, they can have more sources of capital to put into the busines and make a better decision to have more potential for growth. They can less their problems in financial investment. They can support each other,make a good decison and solve the problems in business together for the betterment of the company. eBay and Xiu. com the partners have different skills because eBay provides service to US people and Xiu. com provide se rvice to mainland people. When hey work together, their skills and talents compliment each others can make a good business team because they have more information and knowledges to make a good decision. Partnership companies always have delay when they make decision because they need to consider the partners and need to have their partners' agreement. Also, the most obvious disadvantages of partnership is the danger of disagreements between the partners. The companies will have different ideas when they make the decisons about how business should run.Disagreements and disputes can harm the business and the relationship of partners. There are many families and friends go into business together and they all ends badly because they have many agruements when they make decisions. (Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnership) The companies need a big amount of capital when they make the decision. However, one of the partners can take all the capital in company. It has a lot of risks to ha ve partnership with others. Recommendation: There has a lot of competitors in e-commerce service provider.For example, Tmall. com is a big competitor to eBay. com and Xiu. com when they link up because Tmall. com is the mainland's largest business in e-commerence service provider. To solve this problem, eBay and Xiu. com can make a good decison. eBay can connect the online shoppers in mainland to some trusted sellers in the United States and Xiu. com can handle the sales, logistics and customer services to mainland customers. This decision can help them gain more customers around the world, have a larger profit in thir business and fight against the competitiors.To avoid the disagreements and disputes problems, the companies should draft a decision plan during the formation to make sure everyone know the procedures and the information of the decisions. They should have a good communication to help them not to delay and make mistakes when they make decisions. To avoid working with di shonest partners, they should choose a trustworthy partner,plan well and keep a good relationship with your partners. It can help each other to catch up the business and develope the trust. Also, it can help them to have better communication and it can have less agruements when they make the decisions.

The Coexistence of Life and Death in Baraka, by Ron Fricke

The coexistence of life and death in Baraka, by Ron Fricke Why do people crowd a city and create problems for themselves? In 1992, Ron Fricke released the film Baraka, a film with no dialogue, and an inspiring soundtrack played over provocative scenes, typically comparing natural humans in their habitat to human damage and crowding. In two scenes, a big, dirty apartment complex is shown in contrast to a large, unclean cemetery, creating juxtaposition between the two. In the first scene, there are numerous buildings, showing that as the world population increases, conditions worsen as humans fight for space. The Kowloon walled city has a twisting series of stairways, alleys, and cat walks. These buildings, wrapped around an old military fort, are all at least 10 stories high, and dotted with clothes lines, water barrels and trash. The site was evicted and demolished in 1992. In the distance, a bustling city pays no attention to the stained, dirty concrete buildings, where 33,000 occupants face daily poverty in 250 square foot apartments. What is the result of such overcrowding? The industrial revolution of the 19th century showed us the answer. A substantial amount of residents lived around the factories, to shorten their commute. As population density increased, conditions soon became deplorable. To solve this problem, 19th century leaders introduced public transportation, which spread people out, and created a sustainable environment. In a following scene, the camera pans out to La Ciudad Blanca, Ecuador, an enormous grave yard, with multi level complexes of dirty white graves. Each grave has a personal adornment, from their loved ones. From candles to pictures, the decorations make every box look a little more humanized. It is strangely beautiful, with the messages and the grass growing through cracks in the pavement. This scene shows that as a world, when we get overcrowded, we must overcrowd other aspects of life. This really shows that death is a part of life as life is a part of death. These two juxtaposed scenes show how overcrowding is an issue and it’s hard to put a face on a statistic. The idea of putting a huge city and a huge cemetery together makes a point, that the present city solution has been adopted in cemeteries. The cycle of poverty comes into play, when so many are trapped in one place, with no room to improve; they end up in the same spot after life, and leave their children in the same rut. This idea was explored in Sandra Cisneros’s book, The House on Mango Street, where Esperanza realizes the only way out of the cycle is through hard work and higher education. The film Baraka teaches us many lessons, including the fact of overcrowding, and the harm it has caused, and will cause. In the walled city, thousands of people went without basic sanitation, and lived in 250 square feet or less, often working all day to provide for there families. When trapped in this cycle, you will end up in the same state of poverty as you were in during life. Hard work is the key of success and getting out of poverty.

Stimulus Bill Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stimulus Bill - Article Example it allowed the people to invest in the overall development of the society like in infrastructure, medical treatment issues, education and other basic needs of the people were addressed by this act. Further it took part in recycling of the energy too. The Act is based on a theory of economics which is called Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory. This theory suggests that when a recession strikes, the government should be modest and generous enough to put less money into the projects which are of private nature and likely to benefit the government and the state only, and start investing more on the things which will directly give relief and benefit to the general public. According to this theory, recession is not the time to secure your business or government, but to keep the public surviving and doing all which will keep them alive, happy and motivated to work or to get back to work. Although the Act seems to be a perfect package for the social welfare of the people, it was also criticized by some in terms of its very limited scope. They say that it covers less than one third of the spending. As it happens with every new thing presented, The view and recommendations of the economists about the act should also be discussed in order to get a better idea about the weaknesses and strengths. Some economista like Paul Krugman, Joseph Stiglitz, Larry Summers and Martin Feldstein have reservations about this act that it has a very small vision or it is an act with limited scope which does not benefit the sufficient number of people. They suggest that it should have been designed to encompass the larger wider population. Feldstein is generally in favour of such a package but questions the directness of this act on the investment on consumer spending. He says that this act should have been more direct on addressing the unemployment and the consumer spending. According to him some revision is needed in this act to make it more effective and beneficial. Krugman also says that it

President FDR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

President FDR - Essay Example This avidly explains the reason for being elected in office for more than two terms, unlike other presidents that preceded him. As a matter of fact, he was often cited to have realigned politics in America through various domestic policies. As such, he was able to redefine liberalism. Change in American politics was realized after 1932 when he was duly elected in office. He is remembered as the president who was optimistic and active as there are several contributions that were appealing to the American society. His tenure in office marked an improvement in the spirit of nationalism as many were proud of the new developments in the country. First, he was the figure behind annihilation of polio. During this time, polio was a scourge in the United States as it affected a large part of the population. However, after his election, he instigated various ways of reducing the effects of polio on the population. This was highly welcome as it was effective. Secondly, he worked with other elec ted officials in the government for the good of the population (Folsom, 2009). For example, he had close working relationship with the prime minister in Britain, Winston Churchill. Similarly, he worked closely with Joseph Stalin, who was the Soviet leader. With such close working relationship, they were able to lead their troops against the Nazi allied Germans and Japan during the Second World War. Similarly, he was able to offer support to Great Britain and china both financially and diplomatically. However, he remained neutral during this time. This is an approach that enhanced the democracy of America as it was seen as a country full of democracy. Though he was providing financial and diplomatic support to the other countries, he was also focused on ensuring the economy was on a developing track. There are various events that serve as a hallmark to the career of Roosevelt as an American president. Apparently, a number of polls have been cited to rank him as the third or second in the greatest American presidents. This shows he was committed to serving the American population through all times while in office. First, he was the person behind expansion of programs that are initiated by the government (Folsom, 2009). This was an initiative that redefined the government’s role in the United States to serve the entire population. For example, this was an initiative that advocated for social programs that are implemented by the government as it was instrumental in enhancing liberalism. This was a hallmark of strengthening the country for the coming generations as it was a benefit to the whole population. Roosevelt was elected in office at the wake of the great depression. This was a hard time for the Americans as they had to contain the harsh economic times. However, with the newly elected president, the American economy was able to contain depression (Greenstein, 2009). Apparently, the great depression was affecting many countries across the globe and it depended on the government officials and presidents to work out a plan to roll out depression. This was well articulated by the incumbent Roosevelt. In combating the great depression, he was able to create a number of programs in the country to help the population that was widely affected. This was done by creating new deal programs that would benefit the people that are worst affected. First, he created the civil

LP8-Case Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LP8-Case Law - Assignment Example However, on its part the court argued that Michael waived his right to stay silent and this was due to his request to consult his probation officer. The main issue on this case was to inquire whether by requesting that he consult his probation officer, Michael’s right under the Fifth Amendment was invoked (Fare v. Michael C. 442 U.S. 707 1979). The court held that since under the criminal justice system attorneys and probation officers are different, then Michael rights were not violated. According to Justice Blackmun, while attorney plays a significant role in the adversarial process, probation officers do not provide equally assistance in the custodial interrogation and thus speaking to the two officers cannot be treated in a similar way. Additionally, the court argued that the minor was aware that he waived his rights. This implied that there was a chance of more interrogation. In my opinion, the police could have allowed the respondent to speak to his probation officer. According to the US Supreme court, any one who exercises his or her right to remain silent should not be punished. Thus, the interrogators were supposed to allow Michael to speak to the probation officer who could then provide more information that could assist the judge and the prosecutors in the trial process. During the case, the court held that it was not a must that the warnings given by the police to the accused use same words as indicated by Miranda opinion. In this case, I support the court’s holding. The case of California v. Prysock case involves a victim who was murdered in 1978. After the killing, a minor was arrested and taken to Tulare County department where he was reminded on his Miranda rights. Despite efforts by the police to retrieve information from the respondent, he declined to talk. This made the police to notify his parents since the

Business plan- definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business plan- definition - Essay Example A business plan is aimed at justifying business idea and its future potentials. It is the conclusive document that details the strengths, risks, future developments and other relevant technicalities involved in undertaking the business venture. Business plan is primarily and usually developed for undertaking a new business venture. However it may also be developed when an existing business makes some new initiative changes for which a sizeable investment and analysis is required. Externally, business plan helps in communicating to the potential stake holders about the financing of the new business idea. Simultaneously, a business plan serves the internal purpose by making the picture clear to the people in organization about the business. Having a conclusive business plan serves as a guideline of future moves and is an important controlling mechanism against which actual performance can be compared. The business plan encompasses several elements of significant importance to new busin ess idea. These include idea generation, strategic objectives, market analysis and research, understanding the competition, cash flow, profit and loss forecasts, balance sheet projections, competitive strategy and scenario analysis. These elements are critically analyzed in the following discussion. Elements of Business Plan 1. Idea Generation Idea generation is the process in which problem under consideration is understood and ideas to solve that problem are generated and communicated. It is the basic element of business plan on which the success of business relies heavily. An idea that understands the problem only at surface and does not address the core depths of issue will result only in short-term success and ultimate failure. A successful idea is the one, for a new business, that is feasible and profitable. Idea generation is the rigorous task (Legrand 2011, p.125). It requires a great analysis and commitment to arrive at successful business ideas. Most of the business failure s trace to unworkable business ideas. Business idea turns out to be a failure because of very common problems that include; surface understanding of problem, improper understanding of environment where idea is to be introduced and miscalculations in assessing future potential of idea generated. These are the most common areas that are not properly addressed while proposing any idea. In organization, a leader can take steps to help in generation of useful and successful ideas. He/she can do so by directing idea generators in a way so as they may not overlook the common areas of mistake that result in ultimate failure of business plan. Group idea generation is the common organizational practice. It offers the benefit of the pooled knowledge f group and ensures a proper critical analysis of idea before it is implemented. 2. Strategic Objectives: The term ‘Strategic Objectives’ refers to the concrete financial and non-financial goals that an idea is supposed to achieve. Set ting of strategic objectives serves various important purposes in a successful business venture. It defines the targets in concrete terms and also the role of different functional units of organization for achievement of strategic objectives. Strategic objectives outline the amount of financial and non-financial resources that are required to make an idea a success. This is a critical step in business plan. A business idea can be a failure if its translated strategic objectives are vague, unclear and ill-calculated. A major coordination problem, among functional units, will arise in case the objectives are not well understood. A

Motion of Dismissal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motion of Dismissal - Research Paper Example Details of section 2-619 of the Illinois codes of civil procedures It is evident from the daily business activities regarding mortgages, that all mortgage transaction contains an acceleration clause. This clause in different instances requires the lender to make provisions to the borrower with a default notice, and the intent to accelerate. There is also an emphasis that the lender should provide the instructions, which can be taken as a remedy of the default date, and a new date set within 30 days in which the borrower must remedy the default (Lauterpacht and Greenwood, 1999). Lenders often ignore the clause; this is a condition, that actionable by a court of law in a foreclosure action. However, the precedent condition must be considered before another action. Such instances force the lender to follow the guidelines outlined in the mortgage acceleration clause before finding the foreclosure. Failing to follow the above guidelines do not invalidate the mortgage, though it may cause temporal dismissal of the foreclosure claims, therefore, resetting the borrower’s clock for the distress. In Illinois State, the 2-619 motion results from modification of the 2-615 motion and the 2-1005 motion. That is; they dismiss for failure motion on state claim, and the summary judgment motion. They both have a defensive nature, thus disposing the issues of facts and law. The motion adheres to the sufficiency and truth of the claim though it does not purpose the asserted affirmative matters (Lauterpacht and Greenwood, 1999). Affirmative matters refer to defenses that, either refutes critical conclusion, or negates a cause of action. Section 2-619 makes provisions for affirmative defenses; one can bring it regardless of the fact that it is retaining past the point of filling a 2-619 motion. Filling a Defamation Complaint Libel is a false statement from an individual, which in turn causes suffering to the other person. Defamation refers to a libelous statement in a print s tate. Traditionally, a print refers to a statement published in a newspaper or a letter, but in the recent days, it refers to the internet, and other mass media. Technology has been an element which is leading to increase in cases of defamation. Ideal examples are social networking sites such as Facebook, which brings the highest level of defamation that ever in the history. A court of law requires one to prove defamation through the following: 1. There must be a false statement from the defendant to the plaintiff 2. The statement must have reached a third party, through provable means. This means that the defendant must communicate the statement to the other person or persons. 3. The statement has to be harmful to the plaintiff 4. There must be damages on the part of the victim Making false statements If there is a false statement published about a public figure, it is the responsibility of the public to prove that the statement has a malicious intention in making the untrue statem ent. There are different standards for public figures, as they expect statements based on their public status. There have been arguments on the definition of public status, but there they not yet fruitful. The current definition from leading philosophers’ state that, public figure is something the public value in ones character. In many

Montessori and Steiner were both pre-occupied with the development of Essay

Montessori and Steiner were both pre-occupied with the development of the child as an individual. Considering both approaches, which methods did they use to encourage development - Essay Example In this essay paper, I am going to consider Montessori and Steiner approaches of the development of the child as an individual, and come out with analysis concerning these two approaches. Both the two approaches; Montessori Approach to Child Development and Steiner Approach of Child Development focus on how the children get acquire new knowledge on their surroundings, especially in the classroom setting. They all consider the aspects of individuality, environment and nature, readiness to learn, age groups as well as resources, as analyzed in each of them below. Montessori Educational Approach is a school of thought towards understanding the child development, developed by an Italian scholar by the name Dr. Maria Montessori. The approach emphasizes on providing a child with a room for personal independence, the freedom that gets monitored to some extent and appreciation and recognition towards a natural child psychology (Montessori, 1964). It also emphasizes on the appreciation and recognition of a child’s development both in the physical and the sociological perspectives as well as aspects. Montessori approach to child development is a child-centered educational perspective and has the basis of making numerous scientific observations towards a children life, starting from his or her birth to adulthood. The approach views a kid as naturally eager to have the knowledge and get capability towards initiate learning in an environment free from other obstacles that may inhibit the process of knowledge intake by the young ones. It, therefore, support and encourage the creation of an environment that is supportive, thoughtful prepared and comfortable such that the child is free from possible disturbances that may distract his attention. Montessori perspective values the human spirit as well as the growth and development of physical, social,

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Homework - Essay Example Douglas has expressed his desire for â€Å"citizenship for whites only†; meanwhile, Lincoln insisted the equal rights of every living man-including African American-for life, fruits of their labor, and liberty (as cited in Hakim, 2007, p. 158). He further argued that the struggle against slavery reflects an internal turmoil of distinguishing the right from wrong throughout the world. Lincoln supported the â€Å"Fugitive State Law†; however, he strongly opposed the interference with slavery in certain states where it has already existed (as cited in Hakim, 2007, p. 158). Douglas and Lincoln have participated in seven debates in front of approximately 15,000 individuals and travelled for estimated 10,000 miles for their campaigns (as cited in Hakim, 2007, p. 158). The immediate result of these debates was deemed as inconclusive. However, in the long run, the debates became fatal to Douglas and favorable to Lincoln. Lincoln has managed to gain national stature from performance in the debate. He later regarded as a serious presidential contender. In contrast, Douglas has split the Democratic Party and diminished his chance of becoming a U.S. president (â€Å"Results,† 1987). Question 2. Both Grant and Sherman pursued a new type of warfare. Explain the change in strategy these men employed. Note a battle or campaign in which each man used this new strategy. Finally, was this strategy effective? Why or why not? Grant and Sherman introduced a â€Å"new type of warfare,† which has defeated the south (as cited in House, 2008, p.53). The increased lethality of weapons has impelled armies to disperse in order to survive. Battlefield expansion has doomed the concentration at one particular point. The distribution of forces led to the distributed operations. Campaigns began to consist of various actions (House, 2008, p. 53). It contained numerous operations with several maneuvers

The phenomenon of global jihad will cease with the elimination of Essay

The phenomenon of global jihad will cease with the elimination of Al-Qaeda. Discuss - Essay Example This is a possible act and one that shall bring in a great deal of tolerance and reason within the different affairs of the world. What is required now is a concerted effort to set things right and avoid the talk of global jihad because it is based on mere falsification and nothing else. This paper shall discuss the very reasons why Al-Qaeda has been instrumental at creating severe problems for the different regions of the world and what possible ideological claims could be made to thwart the essence of global jihad which has meant nothing else but tyranny for the 7 billion people in this world. Global jihad’s basis comes from the discussion of understanding that it is something which will create animosity within the people because there are fanatics and extremists which believe in the dictum of Al-Qaeda nonetheless. They are of the view that Al-Qaeda is a force to reckon with and that it has been playing a good role at instilling positive vibes about the Muslim religion in th e world, which is a thinking that is based on no grounds at all. Al-Qaeda has produced leaders like Osama bin Laden, Mullah Omar and others who are the source of tension and terror within the minds and hearts of the people. When the extremists think about jihad, they believe that these so-called leaders are their messiahs, which is not the case at all. However making these extremists understand the reality seems to be a very difficult task because they have been brainwashed at a very young age, and thus lack the skills to think on their own and analyze things which are important and make reason to them. If Al-Qaeda is disbanded today and the extremist leaders are caught either alive or dead, this issue will cease to exist in a very quick way. This is the reason why the allied forces are bent upon doing their best to exert the best possible force to stamp their authority and rid the world of the nuisance that exists with the name of Al-Qaeda. The Talibans who are the people that unde rstand the philosophy that terror can win them anything in this world, and that if they do their best, they can attain any heights only if they have the Muslim philosophy in their hands. The element of terrorism seems to be the only main highlight for their related understanding levels, which is a shame at the end of the day. What the Al-Qaeda and Taliban supporters should comprehend is the fact that the world has all forms and types of people living within its folds, and thinking of these people as the followers of the religion of Islam, and that too which is not accepted by these extremists yet coined in their own peculiar way is madness to the maximum possible levels (Rid 2010). There must be a definitive definition of what extremism is and what it does not entail, because this seems to be a significant factor when one comprehends the good and the bad, and the right and the wrong. It shall bring in the debate of global jihad within the fray and put an end to the discussions that center on the premise of bringing a change which is for the entire world, as the extremists dictate through their actions and terror activities. Al-Qaeda has to come to an end to bring about a change, which is there for the benefit of all and sundry, and which shall bring in a lot of incentives

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay Example for Free

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay William Wycherley wrote The Country Wife in 1675 during the Restoration Period in England. He was born in 1641 at Clive Hall near Shrewsbury to a wealthy family, and he was educated in France where he spent most of his youth. Once Charles II was restored, he returned to England to study at Oxford, and then became a fine, fashionable gentleman in London, of strong intellectual power. There he was able to observe the attitudes and actions of similarly constituted social groups, whom would later be the basis of his plays. The Country Wife is a Restoration Comedy as it was written during the forty years after the restoration of King Charles II to the English throne. He had a particular passion for the theatre, and its development during this period was largely down to him. The civil war in 1642- the Puritan Revolution- had seen his father Charles I beheaded and Oliver Cromwell become the leader of England. This eighteen-year period- the interregnum- saw the puritans discourage and eventually completely ban drama, due to its connections with the monarchy and its immoral non-puritan values. After King Charles II was restored and therefore theatre, there was a general feeling of happiness and freedom in the country. People were interested in enjoying themselves after the long period of drudgery, thus increasing the popularity of theatre. The plays themselves were much more cheerful compared to the Elizabethan and Jacobean plays that they had proceeded, prompting the introduction of the Comedy of Manners. People wanted to laugh. There were other huge differences to how English Theatre was pre 1642. There were machinery allowing objects to fly and move, and there was moveable scenery permitting plays to be divided into scenes. This aided comedy of manners productions like The Country Wife to create a sense of deceit by allowing characters to hide and make numerous entrances and exits for example. However, the greatest change was that women were allowed on the stage. This was a novelty and plays were then able to use their sex appeal and flirtatiousness to include raunchier storylines, such as Horner and his many conquests in The Country Wife. Actresses spoke the prologue and epilogue, to charm the audience into applause and they established a sexual commerce with them. Many of the actresses entered the profession as orange sellers, and their talent as actresses was questioned due to their frequent liaisons with the aristocracy, including the King and Samuel Pepys. This is where the sexual connotations of oranges in The Country Wife originate.

Education and Its Affects Around the World Essay Example for Free

Education and Its Affects Around the World Essay Education is something that affects all of us as a whole gender, race, and poverty plays a role in education. As a citizen of the United States of America it is important for us to appreciate a good education that some of us take for granite. Gender is crucial in how people view education in the text:† Philippine Women’s College corrects gender miseducation†. Professors and education enthusiast are breaking down the barriers and bias that is associated with gender. Text books in the Philippines show women playing the â€Å"stay at home† role and the father portraying the â€Å" bread winner† role this a form a of bias. Scholars at the Miriam College are working to correct this matter by teaching all female students about stereotypes relating to gender. Students often are shown at a young age to approach matters in a biased free manner, through this approach both male and female can share duties in the household that were once delegated to one based on gender. Trained teachers are able to spot the gender difference and compensate with materials that are fair for all. Miriam College and its faculty also discuss sexual harassment and a list of other things as well. What was happening in the†Women’s Movement â€Å"and what was being taught in the classroom were two totally different things. In 1986 Corazon Aquino became the first female president of the Philippines this was in stark contrast of what was being taught. As far as equality for women the Philippines are ranked ninth in the world, with that being said advocates of gender feel that it is best suited to teach and educate when the students are young. Patricia Licuanan president of Miriam College implemented in 2001 gender courses to the curriculum that focuses on equality and quality education for women. Also in 2001 several colleges in the Philippines have shown interest in providing studies for women as well. Due to the work that has been taken place in the Philippines young women are questioning and taking up professions that were once generally associated with men. In the text â€Å"Lost Generation Fears as boys reject education† Professor Reynolds of Plymouth University states that: â€Å"the gender gap is a worldwide phenomenon, not just in the UK or a Welsh one†. Research has shown that boys are neglecting school, while girls are less likely to drop out of school after 16. A survey showed more girls than boys seek a higher education. Studies also show that vocational programs also play a role in why boys choose not to seek college versus girls. Boys are also not performing on the same level as girls this factor leads to fewer boys in college. Poverty is a component to lack of education as well in the article:† Escaping Poverty is possible when there are local opportunities for people with initiative†. This article shows the stereotypes that are associated with poverty 60,000 people that spread over 15 countries worldwide were surveyed; there are a lot of hurdles we must overcome for this to work. People are likely to fall into poverty the study will take preventive measures to ensure people will not make these mistakes. The stereotypes that haunt poverty stricken places is that people are lazy, shiftless, and have no ambition this is not the case. In fact these people surveyed accept responsibility for there actions, and want to better themselves. All of us need local opportunities and social networks to ensure that this will not happen on a global front, even if someone works hard to get there selves out of poverty with out help from the community and economic woes this process will be pains taking to say the least. Education is factor when combating poverty, we as Americans need to take advantage of our educational system though it may not be the best we are still a free country and should utilize any and every opportunity we have. Race also plays a vital role in education the text:† Officials try to improve black males’ academic performance: The achievement† Ginger Littleton has been a teacher in Northern California for more that twenty years. She has been stumped by the numbers of black males that scored drastically lower than other races in test of achievement. A look at last years test results from grades 1-10 math scores and FCAT were sorted by race. The results showed that 89 percent of white third graders were a the appropriate level, while Hispanics represented 66 percent, and blacks 69 percent but only one out of that percentile was a male. 59 percent of Anglos, compared to 33 percent of Hispanics were at the appropriate level. African Americans represent only 30 percent. This trend increased more by there sophomore year, Caucasians represent 38 percent, Hispanics 32 percent, and 13 percent of African Americans sustained this level of reading. By this point many African Americans have stopped going to school by then. The FCAT test of reading shows that only 1 percent of males were reading at the 10th grade level, white males scored 7 percent on the same level. African American males results were 0 percent, white males were 8 to 7 percent at levels 4 and 5 of reading. A study was conducted in 2004-2005† Focus on Blacks† by The National Education Association labeled the poor standings as â€Å"the achievement gap† and a national crisis. The study showed that African American 17 year old students performed in comparison to 13 year old whites in science. In the math part of the study blacks scored 61 percent below the standards, versus 20 percent of whites in the 4th grade. The results show that African Americans face challenges before they start school. Some of the findings show that it is less father figures and mentors in the African American community, lack of after school programs, and cohesiveness in the family all plays roles in the significant decline in education in the black community. There is a saying† it takes a village to raise a child† the African American community needs to rebuild it village from the foundation up to eliminate this disparity that runs rampant among so many. As you can have just read there are several factors in ones education it may be a gender problem, a socioeconomic problem, or ones ethnicity may all play a role in the type of education we receive as well as our chances of making it in today’s society. We still live in one of the greatest countries in the world in the end it is up to us to utilize what avenues are available and make the most out of it.

An Introduction To Accounting

An Introduction To Accounting AIS is a system that collects and store accounting data, after that process the data into useful information used by the decision makers (internal and external users). The information produced by AIS can help decision maker to manage their business more efficiently strategically. However, accounting information system can be manual using the traditional way of recording business transactions manually using paper-and-pen. Today the term AIS referred to as compound computer base system that merges the ability of information technology together with traditional accounting principles and practices. Accounting information systems consist of six components: People: users who work on the systems Procedures and instructions: the process of collecting, managing and storing the data Data: data which is related to the company and its business. Software: application that processes the business data Information technology infrastructure: the physical devices like personal computer and systems Internal controls and security measures: which is employed to secure the data In the beginning, AISs were mainly developed in-house as legacy systems. These kinds of solutions are difficult to develop and require a high cost to maintain. In the present day, AIS are sold as prebuilt software packages from vendors. The most popular vendors for AIS are Microsoft, Sage, Group, SAP and Oracle where they customize the software to mach organizations business processes. Modern AIS follows a multitier architecture, which separate the application processing and data management in different layer from the presentation to the user. The presentation layer manages how the information is displayed and used by functional users of the system (through client application, web browser or mobile device). All the data in the system is stored and packed by a centralized database. this includes transactional data generated from the core business processes such as inventory, purchases etc. when a transaction occur from business event the data is collected and stored into the system database where it can be processed into useful information used by decision makers. A big benefit from computerize accounting information system is that they automate and make financial reporting more efficient. Accurate and summarized, timely information is a major tool for organizations decision making and financial reporting. The accounting information system pull imports data from the system database, process and transform it and eventually produces information and reports which can be easily consumed and analyzed by the users, managers and decision makers. These systems are required to ensure that the reports are timely and relevant so that decision makers are able to quickly and efficiently base on the information provided in the reports. Consolidation is one of the greatest characteristic of reporting as user does not have to go through a massive number of transactions. For example, at the end of the accounting period an accountant consolidates all payments by running a report on the system. The system application layer reclaims the data stored in the system database and produces a report with the total payments made to the vendors for that particular period. With large corporations which have huge volume of transactional data, generating a report without AIS can take day or even weeks. Case study background River Adventures is a fifteen years old company located in Cheddar, Somerset, owned and managed by Robin Forsythe. Until recently river adventures business has been highly seasonal offering 2 different kayaking instruction for beginners and Intermediate level as well as kayak and rafting trips down the river Axe in Somerset. They usually rent equipment to participant if they required. However, the company is facing an exciting challenge which will alter the size, the type of service offered and the seasonality of the business Financial management and business processes field Robin operating his business very informally using manual procedures in all areas. He always predicts the expenses for each course based on his working experience. He also manages the purchasing activities of the company and issue invoices for participants on the course. At the end of the year he determines his profit by his total revenue minus the total expenses during the year. Robin set the prices by consider his profit from the previous year, assess his competitors price and make adjustment for inflation. Robin employs an office administrator along with a number of kayak instructors and raft guides. The administrator manages Account Payable and Cash Receipts and records them in the Income Journal. He also maintains simple general ledger and payroll register for tax purposes only, and no use of this accounting data is made for financial planning or for operations control. River adventures advertise through leading outdoor magazine, he also advertises about the coming seasons program on popular kayak retail notice board. Problem Robin is not pleased with the arrangement of his business and he concern about how he will keep track on expenditure and revenues as the business get bigger. Robin feels that there is unnecessary wastage of the company resources as there is not real control over the cost of meals provided to the beginners course. In addition he notice that recently there is diminishing in the stock of camping as well as small items are also being lost. Robin has suspicion about the operation of marginally attended classes, but no analysis has been done to confirm his suspicion. Robin believes there is lack in his marketing activities and he can easily attract more customers by improving his marking activities. Business opportunity Robin know about 40% of kayaking course participants continue kayaking. As such his customer base reflects a target market for direct sales of kayaking and other equipment. He would like to expand his sales into a full scale direct mail/internet business. Doing so would enable him to provide year-round work for some kayaking personnel. Users of Financial Information Accounting information system objective is to identify record and communicate the economic events of an organization to the intended users. Accountant use this information to formulate reports and communicate financial information to the users. The type of information the user requires is dictated by the type of decisions they make. The information provided by the financial statements includes an organization resources and claims against those resources, as well as shareholders equity and changes in assets and liabilities. Financial information differs between the internal and external users. Accountants must understand the characteristics of information required by the different users of financial statements. In developing financial reporting standards, standard setters presume that those who use the resulting information will have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and be able to read a financial report (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006, p. 2). The aim of communicating financial information to user is to let accountants to address the needs and interest of users. There are many different users of financial information and this include: equity investors, suppliers, creditors, customers, employees, governments and their agencies and members of the public. Those users are identified as internal and external users of financial information. Internal Users Managers use financial information to plan, organize and operate their business. Managers include marketing managers and production supervisors. Managers should be able to understand financial information to answer such questions as Is the cash flow sufficient to pay their liabilities? and Which product contributes higher profit to the company? accountant produce internal reports to management for comparison and forecasting needs purposes; such examples include comparisons of operating alternatives, projections of long-term financial sustainability, and forecasts for annual cash needs. External Users There are quite a few types of external users of financial information and this includes lenders investors and tax authorities. Invertors (owners) use financial information to determine whether to buy, hold or sell their shares. Whilst suppliers and lenders view financial statement to assess the health of an organization and to ensure timely repayment of credit. Other external users include equity investors, customers, creditors, employees, general public and governments and their agencies and regulatory bodies.

Depression Essay example -- Health, Depressed Individuals

Certain practical issues need to be considered by the clinician during the assessment of MDD, (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). Depressed individuals tend to express their problems in a detailed manner when they are aware of what is expected from them during initial phase of assessment. Warning depressed clients about the possible interruptions at the initial phase along with providing them rationale helps to improve the effectiveness of the assessment (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). As depressed individuals tend to commit cognitive bias (Dozois & Beck, 2008), it is necessary to determine the actual impairment by evaluating patient’s daily routine in terms of different areas of functioning. Each diagnostic criteria needs to be addressed in number of ways (Shea, 1988). Sometimes, the patient describe their symptoms in more idiosyncratic way. So, the clinician needs to translate those concerns in to the nosological system (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). Bolland & Keller (2009) emphasize the need to assess the number of previous episodes and their duration because this information is one the predictor for risk of subsequent relapse (Solomon et al, 2000). Dozois & Dobson (2009) have reported to rely upon information related to previous episode carefully as the client may commit the reporting bias. The reporting bias can be reduced by ensuring that the patient understands the time frame to which he or she refers (Dozois & Dobson, 2009) and providing contextual cues to the patient’s memory (Shea, 1988). The information related to previous treatments, medical history, patient’s motivation for change, etc. may help in identifying resources for change (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). It is also helpful to assess client’s strengths which will help in formulating... ...owever, if Medical conditions worsens the symptoms of depression, then mood disorder is diagnosed as MDD and medical condition is listed on Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR( APA, 2000a). It is difficult to differentiate between depression and dementia (Gualtieri and Johnson, 2008), but certain differences can be noted among two (Dozois and Dobson, 2009). For example, recent memory is more effected in depression than remote memory; such symptoms are not prominent in dementia (Dozois and Dobson, 2009). Conclusion: For the accurate assessment of MDD, the clinician should not rely upon results obtained from one psychometric instrument. Rather, he or she should try to integrate information obtained from multiple sources to get the holistic picture of patient. The clinicians also needs to consider above mentioned practical issues while making assessment related to MDD.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Depression Consider this: Elizabeth Wurtzel has struggled with depression throughout her life. She has a history of suicide attempts, self-mutilations, and serious mood swings. She took numerous antidepressants and medications in an attempt to regulate her irregular behavior. She quit using the medications due to the multiple side effects the drugs had on her. The result was chaos; after Elizabeth quit taking her medication her body experienced episodes of withdrawal. Despite her continued attempts to combat her illness, she experienced nervous breakdowns and alienation from her friends and family. Elizabeth Wurtzel reluctantly went back to taking medication despite the potentially serious side effects of taking so many drugs (Kim 46). â€Å" In the news, on the streets, and in neighborhoods, individuals are confronted with a variety of social problems†(Kim 7). A person may watch a loved one battle cancer, suspect a friend of having bulimia, or he/she may struggle daily with depression (Kim 7). The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that as many as 17 million Americans each year suffer from depression. About one in twenty-five of these sufferers is under the age of 18, and one in seven women will experience depression in her lifetime. The illness strikes regardless of age, gender, class, culture, or ethnic background (Kim 9). The occurrence and distribution of depression in a population may be related to a variety of factors. Such factors include a wide range of possibilities such as sex, age, living in the town, living in the country, nutrition, marital status, socioeconomic background, and genetic factors (Winokur 18). â€Å"Many people who are depressed do not seek treatment either because the y are unaware that their condition can be helped or because they are all too aware of the stigma and shame associated with depression†(Kim 9). Discovering and analyzing the complexities of issues that are associated with depression is a necessity in the goal of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of depression and of those who suffer from the disease (Kim 13). In order to completely understand the illness of depression, people should understand what the disease is, what factors cause the disease, and the how disease is treated. â€Å"Feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or discouragement occasionally tug at us all† (Kim 13), but those feelings eventually fade away. Th... ... therapists a depression patient decides to see, the first step in getting help â€Å" is to find a suitable therapist to guide the patient through the process† (Kim 87) of recovery. In conclusion, depression is a psychological â€Å"condition of general emotional dejection and withdrawal† (Webster 311). Depression affects people both mentally and physically (Kim 14). In order for a person to enter the realm of depression different biological, psychological, and sociological risk factors must exist (Kim 89). The severity of the depression experienced by a person is predispositioned by the severity of the risk factors experienced by that person. Even the most severe cases of depression can be treated with the help of professionals. Psychiatrists can prescribe drugs and biological means of treatment (Kim 90); psychologists offer psychotherapy as a means of help (Kim 90). â€Å"It is (also) important to look at what is happening in life from a perspective that does not turn everyday problems into overwhelming ones.........Remember that everyone has bad days. The trick is to take them in stride. Research tells us that people who don’t catastrophize are less likely to become depressed† (Robbins 180).

Upholding Shakers Traditions :: essays research papers

Traditions Upheld The Shakers are universally admired for their architecture and handcrafts. Shakers believed that they served God by approaching every task with care. This care resulted in a distinctive Shaker style of architecture, furniture and decorative arts characterized by traditional Shaker values of simplicity, utility and fine craftsmanship. The Shaker sense of order and neatness is reflected in the clean lines and lack of ornamentation of their designs. Shakers were pioneers of the principles of form and function advocated later by architects and designers. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, are the most enduring and successful of the many communitarian societies established in America in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first Shakers, led by Ann Lee, came to America from Manchester, England, in 1774 seeking a place to freely practice their religious beliefs. Near Albany, New York, they established the foundation for a unique sect which has endured for more than 220 years. The early Shakers traveled through New England and New York, attracting converts who were impressed by the kind of personal, spiritual relationship with God preached by Ann Lee. Converts gathered into communities, bound by their shared faith and a commitment to common property, celibacy, confession of sins, equality of men and women, isolation and separation from the world. By the 1830s nineteen Shaker communities had been established in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Ohio, Kentucky and Indian a. Shakerism reached its peak in the mid-1800s, with an estimated five thousand members. There are still a few Shakers around today. The village that was most discussed by Susan Jackson Keig was in Pleasantville Kentucky. She discussed the Shakers singular way of life and their very detailed lives. There were four villages in Ohio, two in Kentucky and one in Indiana. There were nineteen major Shaker villages. These people new the secrets to live they seemed to live longer and be in better health. The Shakers were caring people they would take in orphans and all sorts of people, they did not discriminate against who was allowed in their village. Susan Jackson Keig showed a medley of beautiful pictures that can not be found any where else. I really enjoyed her presentation. Upholding Shakers Traditions :: essays research papers Traditions Upheld The Shakers are universally admired for their architecture and handcrafts. Shakers believed that they served God by approaching every task with care. This care resulted in a distinctive Shaker style of architecture, furniture and decorative arts characterized by traditional Shaker values of simplicity, utility and fine craftsmanship. The Shaker sense of order and neatness is reflected in the clean lines and lack of ornamentation of their designs. Shakers were pioneers of the principles of form and function advocated later by architects and designers. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, are the most enduring and successful of the many communitarian societies established in America in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first Shakers, led by Ann Lee, came to America from Manchester, England, in 1774 seeking a place to freely practice their religious beliefs. Near Albany, New York, they established the foundation for a unique sect which has endured for more than 220 years. The early Shakers traveled through New England and New York, attracting converts who were impressed by the kind of personal, spiritual relationship with God preached by Ann Lee. Converts gathered into communities, bound by their shared faith and a commitment to common property, celibacy, confession of sins, equality of men and women, isolation and separation from the world. By the 1830s nineteen Shaker communities had been established in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Ohio, Kentucky and Indian a. Shakerism reached its peak in the mid-1800s, with an estimated five thousand members. There are still a few Shakers around today. The village that was most discussed by Susan Jackson Keig was in Pleasantville Kentucky. She discussed the Shakers singular way of life and their very detailed lives. There were four villages in Ohio, two in Kentucky and one in Indiana. There were nineteen major Shaker villages. These people new the secrets to live they seemed to live longer and be in better health. The Shakers were caring people they would take in orphans and all sorts of people, they did not discriminate against who was allowed in their village. Susan Jackson Keig showed a medley of beautiful pictures that can not be found any where else. I really enjoyed her presentation.

Emotional Design

11/23/2012 Writing Design | Aaron Jeffries| K0059524| How emotional design has changed in the automotive industry? | Contents Introduction3 Emotional Design3 Model T3 Timeline Design – 1911 – 19604 E-Type Jaguar5 1960’s Cadillac 60 Special6 Timeline Design – 1960 – 20006 The Experience7 Timeline Design – 2000 – Current Date7 Global Warming9 Hybrid Cars9 Future Design – Concepts10 Conclusion11 References12 Introduction If you looked at the world of motoring today, then you would think of status.Cars are now seen as a necessity and are used to ‘show off' and display what type of person you are, your job, how much money you earn and your prospects. Emotional design has changed over the years from making you feel like the worlds at your doorstep to showing you care about the environment. The purpose of this dissertation is to research and show how these changes have taken place. Emotional Design Emotional design is a way that a designer makes people feel about themselves when using and interacting with a product.Emotional design plays a big part in designing as it defines how a product is used. As Donald Norman says, if a product is aesthetically pleasing, its functionality increases. ‘Emotions have a crucial role in the human ability to understand the world, and how they learn new things. For example: aesthetically pleasing objects appear to the user to be more effective, by virtue of their sensual appeal. This is due to the affinity the user feels for an object that appeals to them, due to the formation of an emotional connection with the object. ’ Model TThe ‘Ford Model T' was the first ever mass produced car on moving assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, from September 1908 until October 1927. This car was considered to be the first affordable vehicle marketed to the middle class. During the time of production 15 million Model T's left the factory and into the publ ic making it the first revolutionizing car in the history of automobiles. Mr. Henry Ford -â€Å"I will build a car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for.It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one – and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces. † Although the Model T had a huge 2. 9L, 4 Cylinder engine, which only produced 20bhp giving it a top speed of around 43mph. With is 2 speed gearbox and roomy interior it was a great car for families and for everyday commuting, as Henry Ford intended his design to be.Its curb weight being at 540KG it was pretty light compared to modern cars of the same size. Technology was at a minimum in the Model T making it not very safe i n terms of today, but back when the T was designed people had respect for the road and crashes were not as often as now thus no need for safety technology. In 1915 the use of electric headlights were introduced to the Model T. The magneto, the main source of power, was upgraded to supply the headlights and a horn with power. Timeline Design – 1911 – 1960 The first introduction to car luxury was in 1911, the electric starter motor.Mr. Charles Kettering, a worker for Cadillac, created the electric ignition and starter motor making cars able to start themselves from the cockpit making the users experience easier as you could immediately start your car as soon as you are seated. The next introduction to modern luxury in 1926 is the first hydraulic power steering system. Francis Wright Davis uses a Pierce-Arrow to develop the technology. It works by integrating the steering linkage with a hydraulic system. This makes it a lot easier to steer a car than before.This makes the driving experience a lot more enjoyable as you do not have to use a lot of force to move the steering wheel. Again this is another move towards the more emotional designed vehicles as driving a car becomes more of a luxury task In the 1930s, plastic surgeon Claire. L Straith and physician C. J. Strickland advocated the use of seat belts and padded dashboards. Strickland founded the Automobile Safety League of America for auto mobiles. In 1931 Mercedes-Benz introduced the first modern independent front suspension system. This gave cars a smoother ride and better handling.By making each front wheel virtually independent of the other though attachment to a single axle, independent front suspension minimizes the transfer of road shock from one wheel to the other. This is one huge step forward in the world of motoring as it makes the ride of the vehicle smoother giving a better experience but this can still be classed as a design for function more than a design for aesthetics. 1935 the first flashing indicator signals were used on cars. The signals use a thermal interrupter switch to create the flashing signals.These transistor circuits began taking over thermal interrupters in the 1960s. This is a great invention to let other vehicles know which direction traffic is heading helping the user to have a safer journey. In 1936, the Hudson Terraplane came with the first back-up brake system. Should the hydraulic breaks fail, the brake pedal would activate a set of mechanical brakes for the back wheels. This was quite a good feature and helped auto mobiles along with safety developments. Cruise control was developed in the 1950's by Ralph Teeter.A blind man that sensed by ear the cars on the Pennsylvania Turnpike travel at uneven speeds which he believed to be the main cause in traffic accidents. Cruise control is a mechanism that helps the driver to set the car at a steady pace. Although cruise control was seen as unpopular in the 50's, it is a feature that you can se e in up to 70 percent of vehicles now. This feature can be seen as both a safety feature and an aesthetic feature depending on its user. Although the design was meant to be used as a safety feature, people use this again as a better drive rather than a safer drive.In the 1960's, car sales had almost tripled since the Ford Model T and more companies were mass producing cars more than ever before. Cars were now at a level of safety and technology which was considered enough to start designing for more beautiful, exotic cars for consumers to show their status. As you can see from my research design from the 1910’s till the 1960’s is around 85 percent for safety and functionality rather than designing for aesthetics. As the E-Type Jaguar rolled out the factory, I believe that design changed from this famous landmark. E-Type JaguarThe E-Type Jaguar is considered to be the most beautiful designed car ever built. This car is one of the most iconic, aesthetically designed cars to be mass produced. Head designer, Malcolm Sayer designed this vehicle as a rear wheel drive grand tourer in a two seater coupe form and as a two seater convertible. Several years later a four seater version of the coupe was released. Mr. Enzo Ferrari – â€Å"This is the most beautiful car ever made† The E-Type came in 3 different version, Series I, II, and III. The series one arrived at 1961 with a triple SU Carburettor 3. 8L 6-Cylinder Jaguar XK6 engine from the XK150S producing 300bhp.This was an incredible landmark to make a car that could do 0-60mph in 7. 1 seconds. ‘All E-Types featured independent coil spring rear suspension with torsion bar front ends, and four wheel disc brakes, in-board at the rear, all were power-assisted. Jaguar was one of the first vehicle manufacturers to equip cars with disc brakes as standard from the XK150 in 1958. The Series 1 can be recognized by glass-covered headlights (up to 1967), small â€Å"mouth† opening at the front, signal lights and tail-lights above bumpers and exhaust tips under the number plate in the rear. ‘All of these features can be classed as being the type that can be shown off as the development of technology for needs has gone and the development of improved performance was introduced. Another clue to the E-Type Jaguar being an item to show off is the price range and customer market. The Series 1 was priced in-between ? 5,380 – ? 5,900. ‘3. 8-litre cars have leather-upholstered bucket seats, an aluminium-trimmed centre instrument panel and console (changed to vinyl and leather in 1963), and a Moss four-speed gearbox that lacks synchromesh for first gear (â€Å"Moss box†). ‘These are all features that are designed for its look. The E-Types interior was very sophisticated and classy for its time. No other manufactures could offer this quality at these prices. Compared to the main competitors such as Ferrari and Lotus, Jaguars E-Type was 30% cheap er. There are questions to be asked of why it is this shape? Is it because of the sporty aerodynamics? Or was the design created so that it looked sporty and different to any other vehicle that was available on the market? This answer would define weather this car is or isn’t the start of designing based on aesthetics.The E-Type Jaguar in my opinion was the start of designing for looks, performance and price. This was the start of the development of cars with the ‘next best' features. A competition between companies to make the newest, popular car. 1960’s Cadillac 60 Special The 1960’s Cadillac was America’s version of the E-Type Jaguar, a next level classy car that was seen as a status icon. With its smooth lines and its famous ‘zap! ’ rear fins, it was one of the most recognizable 1960’s cars around. The car came with a 6. 4L which produced a whopping 325bhp.This car seen the newest technology on the car market such as the opti on extra -Air suspension, utilizing freon-filled shock absorbers. Power steering and hydraulic brakes came standard on this model. The exterior designing of this model was one of the most thought filled design to date. Its thin chrome trim that runs from front bumper to rear and back around again made the car stand out. Other Cadillac’s also featured the stylish chrome which set Cadillac apart from its competition. The rear fins also set the design apart from the rest of the competition. The fins were inspired from an air fighter jet.The price of the Cadillac was just over $5000 which was higher than ever for a Cadillac but was still in the price range of the middle to higher class of people. Overall the Cadillac 60 was one of the most aesthetically pleasing cars of the time and became famous for it. I believe that this shaped the design of cars from America, as this Cadillac was seen as the icon for all Americans, if you owned a Cadillac you were the coolest guy around. Time line Design – 1960 – 2000 During the 1960's the government became aware of the emissions coming from cars and decided to introduce technology to reduce these emissions.In 1963 a positive crankcase ventilation was introduced which reduced emissions by routing gasses back to the cylinder for more combustion. Further research and development was done until the 1970's when catalytic converters were introduced. By the end of the century, emissions were reduced by 95 percent compared to that of in 1967. 1966’s era seen a fully developed electronic fuel injection system which delivers a carefully specified fuel and air mixture directly into the cylinders to keep the car’s engine running efficiently as possible.With further developments two sensors were placed before and after the catalytic converter detecting how much oxygen is in the emission mix, to transfer data on how efficient the catalytic converter is working with the fuel and air mix and if there is the need to change the fuel and air mix to leaner or richer. In the 1970's air bags changed from being an optional extra to becoming standard on all vehicles. Air bags were originally introduced only on the driver’s side but in the late 70's they started to appear on the passenger side standard as well. 985 sees the ABS, Anti-locking Braking System, to be available on cars. Lincoln produced the first ever American car to offer this feature. The designer, Teves from Germany designed ABS to use a computer to detect each movement and hydraulic pressure from each wheel and adjusts the pressure so that the wheels continue to move rather than locking up during an emergency stop. This is defiantly a piece of technology to be seen as designed for safety. Cadillac in 1997 introduced the first automatic stability control system. This is used to increase safety in emergency handling situations.This is yet again another design for more safety. The Experience In the beginning of designing car s, there was no designing for experience. As stated above, the ‘Ford Model T’ was designed purely for functionality to get from A to B. Later in the production years of the Model T, lots of different versions were designed such as the, two door coupe edition 1909-1912 and the C-cab wagon 1912. All designed still on functionality rather than aesthetics. As the years went by designers became more clever and inventive with automobiles safety such as the first repeating signal lights and the padded dashboards.These modifications shaped the world of motoring that we see today as these features can still be seen today. As design continued over the years people wanted more and more features on their car as people want the best qualities they can get from a car they can get in their price range causing designers to put as much technology and features they can into their next designs. Such as car stereo systems, airbags, air conditioning and anti-locking braking system. Later ye ars in the 80’s shown that depending on the customer the design would change immensely on how the user would see its pros and cons.In these years there is little difference between designing for fun, safety, functionality and aesthetics. Some features of a car can match all of the types because of how it’s used. Different owners have different views on features, for example High Intensity Distribution (HID/Xenon) bulbs. Young adult’s use them for fun and for aesthetics to give a new look to a car with bright, blue bulbs. It looks sleek and gives an edge over a standard car. An older person age 30-50 would see them also as being an aesthetic feature but also used for functionality as they provide better lighting for roads.The elderly aged 60+ would see them as being a hazard or for safety because of them being very bright for people driving the opposite way, or find them safe because of their daytime driving capability to be able to see during the day whilst driv ing. Another example of this is to have for example Anti-locking Braking System (ABS). This can be seen in different ways depending on its user. The user that owns a car with ABS when all his friends don’t, would tend to brag and show of the fact he has ABS rather than see it as a safety feature, he sees it as being a step ahead over his friends cars.This shows that the experience has become more enjoyable for the users as they feel as if they have the best money can buy making the vehicle more appealing. Timeline Design – 2000 – Current Date A great advancement for the driving community was Automotive Navigation Systems. The earliest sign of this was in the 1970’s. The technology was developed for people to have instructions of travelling from A to B in the safest and fastest way. Extensive refinement was under taken to develop the technology as it was not ready for public release. In the late 1980’s the technology was finally released.It had a co lored screen display with digital maps for user to see whilst using. A dispute was taking place as to who released it first. A company called ETAK was the first to release a practical device which stored road information on cassette tapes. After development Global Navigation System was first seen in a car released in 1994. This version lacked in accuracy and was re-developed in 2000 which worked perfect using global positioning to give real time updates on maps. This technology in my opinion is the start of in-car technology that was a glimpse into the future. A design which shown what is to come with technology.This was a huge breakthrough as no one had seen technology quite like it. The design was intended to be a functional design to give the effect of people feeling safe that if they do appear to get lost, an answer is there with you. It gives people a sense of bravery to explore the roads a lot more knowing that wherever you end up. There is always someone there to guide you ho me. High Intensity Discharge lamps were first developed for lighting large areas easily such as, gymnasiums, large public areas, warehouses, movie theaters, football stadiums, outdoor activity areas, roadways, parking lots, and pathways.More recently, HID lamps have been used in small retail and even residential environments because of advances in reduced lumen bulbs. Ultra-High Performance (UHP) HID lamps are used in LCD or DLP projection TV sets or projection displays as well. Further development of the HID lead to the design of the car head lamp in 1991. HID bulbs give a new look to a vehicle. The bright, blue tint of the bulb gives a new, stylish look compared to a standard yellow, halogen bulb. Xenon headlamps were introduced as an option on the BMW 7-series in 1991. This first system used an unshielded, non-replaceable burner which later was completely replaced.The first American-made effort at HID headlamps was on the 1996-98 Lincoln Mark VIII, which used reflector headlamps with an unmasked, integral-igniter burner made by Sylvania. ‘Studies have demonstrated drivers react faster and more accurately to roadway obstacles with good HID headlamps than halogen ones. ’ This shows that the design helps driver’s safety on vehicles. But as discussed above, depending on the user gives a whole new feel to the design. Again the feel of the design brings the user to feel as if their design is the best that money can buy as it looks better than other cars on the road.In 2002, Toyota introduced the first version of the active night vision system, also known as Night View on the Lexus LX 470 and Land cruiser Cygnus. This uses the headlight projectors emitting infrared light, a CCD camera then captures that reflected radiation, this signal is then processed by computer which produces a black and white image which is projected on to the windshield. This design also give a sense of safety as in later cars it will detect pedestrians and warn you of wh at the camera has seen so you are aware of dangers on the road.This can make the driver also feel at ease knowing that he/she can see a hazard before the human eye can. In 2004 a device called Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as the Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) was invented and introduced to the Toyota Prius Hybrid. This is a clever device that uses cameras and sensors to warn the driver of oncoming objects whilst parking. After upgrading and development, Version II was released and first seen in the Lexus LS luxury sedan in 2006. This included a system to help the driver as it would park itself. The user would pull up alongside a parking space.The cameras and sensors would then detect whether the space was big enough for the car. The user would then input where they wanted to park the car and then the user could sit back whilst the car would park in that space if possible. There were several problems with this version as it had trouble detecting when hazards and objects came in the way of the vehicle such as, cats, humans and push chairs. Room for improvement was needed so another version, Version III, was released. Version III was released again in the newest version of the Toyota Prius and the Lexus LS in 2009.This newest version had a new feature which detected how it would maneuver the wheels to fit the car into a parking space without hitting other traffic or oncoming traffic. Adaptive High Beam Assist was first seen in 2009, released by Mercedes Benz on the E-Class. This is a device used to automatically adjust the head light so the beam just reaches other vehicles ahead, thus always ensuring maximum possible seeing range without glaring other road users. This is a great invention as it helps the driver’s visibility without putting other drivers in danger.This makes the driver feel at ease by not putting any other drivers in danger. Global Warming Global warming played a huge part in the early 2000’s on how p eople viewed the world. With fossil fuels running low and fuel prices constantly rising, the public needed an answer to solve the opening ozone layer and the fact that sooner or later. There will be no fossil fuels left. Inventors then came up with the idea of renewable energy such as running cars on water, solar and battery power rather than petroleum. This was then implemented into cars such as the hybrid Toyota Prius.This car showed the world that answer is there it just needed more time to advance before the first fully electric driven car was produced. After a few years the government came up with the idea of the scrapage scheme. This was where money was guaranteed for you old vehicle if you bought a new one. This scheme got thousands of people buying new cars which not only helped the total emissions but, helped the economy along as well. All seemed well but no one really looked under the covers of how glorious this scheme was to the world. The scrapage scheme in my eyes bulli ed people into buying new cars.The full scheme forced people to feel guilty by not buying a new car and help save the world by reducing their carbon footprint. Therefore this scheme was emotionally designed to make people feel like they were doing well for the environment. Hybrid Cars In 2001 the Toyota Prius was brought to the market which changed people’s views on how cars will help then environment. A car that was run on battery and petrol was a great idea on several levels. The Prius helped with having little emissions, fuel costs, average mpg and car life expectancy.In my opinion it was a step forward but the Prius was not just designed for helping the environment. It had ‘different’ features which the public had never seen before giving the owners bragging rights. Such as the dashboard features giving you feedback on your emissions and where energy is coming from. If you’re doing well for the environment you get a blue glow over your dashboard, or op positely you get a glow of red sensing you’re not doing very well for the environment. Thus in a way encouraging you to drive in the way Prius designers want you to drive.This therefore changes the way I see how designers make cars as instead of using the features to their advantages and enjoying your driving experience, you are forced to drive in the way that the designer intended the vehicle to be driven. This then takes away all emotional design of the vehicle. Yes you would get the sense of achievement when the dashboard is blue but the way for example the jaguar E-Type made people feel special, made people feel as if they were in a different league. The Toyota Prius takes away these emotions and makes the user feel like a good person rather than feeling above the world.Future Design – Concepts In the Volvo V40 an airbag has been designed to protect pedestrians in the event of a crash. This technology works by detecting when the front bumper has come in collision w ith human shaped legs and will deploy an airbag from the top of the bonnet. The airbag covers the shuttle panel and the two pillars on either side of the windscreen. This therefore covers all harder metal parts of the front of the car that could potentially cause a fatality in the event of a crash. This technology will be introduced in 2013 and will come standard in the V40.This could be the future of design, now that safety inside the cockpit is at an all time high with, seatbelt airbags, curtain airbags and more. Pedestrian safety now could be the future of safety design. In 2013 Cadillac will release their newest technology which is a vibrating driver's seat. Although it sounds to be a relaxing feature, the vibrations are a way to receive tactile feedback to help keep drivers safe. Say for example a driver falls asleep on the motorway travelling at high speeds. The car starts to veer off to the nearest lane.The seat will vibrate giving them feedback to say the car is going over t he line which would then wake the driver up making the driver safe again. This is a clever design giving the driver a safer feel knowing that in case of emergency, they will be safe. In this circumstance this can be seen as a bad thing if the technology is giving to the wrong person. If a driver is tired they now have an excuse to drive as the technology will wake them up if worst comes to worst. Therefore the driver will be taking advantage of the technology by using not as it was intended.Conclusion In conclusion my research has shown that the world has changed over a hundred years. Going through designing for safety features, then for novelty, for functionality, then the experience. So overall you can see that over the years designers have changed their ways from functionality to the experience. Emotional design is not what it used to be. Emotional design 70 years ago was based around how the user feels when using the product, now emotional design is used to make people feel as i f they need new features in a car such as, Remote Central Locking.Remote Central Locking in the 1980’s was an optional extra but now people feel as though it is a must have. Emotional design has changed from the meaning it originally had 100 years ago, from design that made the consumer literally feel certain personal emotions such as happiness, succession or power to the designers now using it to inspire consumers to purchase cars based on social conformity, guilt or what can be viewed as ‘brain washing’ through broad marketing techniques. The switches in focus between designs that have revolutionized the car over many years are undeniable.What a consumer would feel for the brilliant Model T is not what they would seek when purchasing a modern car today. Some blame emotional designs part in play for this change in society, others may praise it. When using emotional design today designers don’t take as much consideration as in previous years to the consume rs personal interpretation they can simply make the consumer feel and seek what their design is meant to offer, changing the entire market to conform to them rather as previously a designer had to design for their intended market.To simplify emotional design is not molded around the consumer anymore but instead around what a consumer should look for when purchasing the product itself. This then leads to the question of what designers will come up with next. Is the world of designers going to come up with another way to make people safer whilst driving a car? In my opinion very unlikely as there is so many safety features now that you couldn’t be safer. Are designers going to design for functionality?Also very unlikely in my opinion as driving a car couldn’t be easier, no need to park yourself, pretty soon no need to drive yourself. Through the last years forced design has been implemented to make people feel as if they need to buy an electric car. If you don’t b uy one you are made out to be a bad person. Will emotional design not be used to make a product better for a ‘buyer’ but for the designer to have a control over how society sees a person? References Top 10 Cars That Changed the World, http://www. shortlist. com/shortlists/10-cars-that-changed-the-worldMaribeth Keitz. Greatest Achievements, (2012) http://www. greatachievements. org/? id=3880 C. C Weiss. Vibrating Safety, (28, Mar. , 2012) http://www. gizmag. com/gm-launches-vibrating-seats/21964/ Automobile Safety,  http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Automobile_safety Ford Model T, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ford_Model_T Olivia Solon, Volvo's V40 car features airbag for pedestrians, (12, mar. , 2012) http://www. wired. co. uk/news/archive/2012-03/12/volvo-airbags-pedestrians Donald Norman (2005). Emotional Design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. London: Basic Books

19th Century American Imperialism & 20th Century War Essay

chieftain Alfred Thayer Mahan couldnt have said it well-nigh(prenominal) better, No nation had ever die great without control of foreign cacographyets and entrance m unrivalledy to the natural resources of foreign countries (Kinzer 33). passim the years, the States has had an astonishing obsession with the fancy of globose imperialism. One cant swear out but ask the follo set aheadg suspense what sparked this sudden obsession with global imperialism? til now though there are some(prenominal) different factors that helped spark this sudden movement, the in like manner largegest angiotensin converting enzyme factor was the industrialization of the worlds study industrialist societies, such as England, get together States, Japan, and Ger umpteen.The sudden explosion of industrialization sparked a huge consumption of the earths natural resources, and initiated the need for expansion. Throughout the slow 19th nose candy up until today, the States has undertakeed globa l imperialism in a reduce of different ways. Methods such as deception, intimidation, fear, and violence have all been used passim the the Statesn success in regularize to expand this imperialistic participation. the States had to outgrowth expanding and had to take over timider countries.See more(prenominal) than Homelessness as a complaisant job EssayAmericans had to visit to faraway countries, weak countries, countries that had large markets and rich resources but had not yet fallen chthonian the stimu overbold-fashioned of any great power (Kinzer 34). This report card will primarily focus on the reasoning provided by Kinzers nurse Overthrow. America has become the imperialistic society it is today because of the rapid 19th century industrialization and the constant American lust for natural resources, territory, and global domination. Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing harvest-timeion of the earth demands it (Kinze r 33).During the new-fangled 19th century, America enjoyed a self-made triumph of how-do-you-do, Cuba, Philippines, and Nicaragua. Hawaii, which has always embraced a muniment of tradition and culture, was faced with the issue of modernization. Throughout the years, Hawaii had slowly started to fall under white control. Hawaii has always been a huge producer of moolah, with one problem. The major market for sugar was in the join States, but the Hawaiians could not export as oftentimes as they would like because of the heights tariffs imposed on imported sugar in the States.When the reciprocity treaty as signed in the summer of 1876, Americans started initiation army and commercial bases in Hawaii. The renew treaty however was what really displayed that Hawaii was falling under white warp. The regen successionte treaty gave get together States control of ivory Harbor, an perfectly fine natural port. On January 14th 1893, Queen Liliuokalani made a disturbing announceme nt to her cabinet. She proclaimed a new constitution which maintaind alone Hawaiian citizens had the right to vote. This meant that the Hawaiian people of Americans would no lifelong be fit to vote.This move gave Lorrin Thurston and John Colburn the reason they needful to initiate the revolutionise of the Hawaiian monarchy, which would mark Americas first overthrow of a foreign government. The scare Thurston rapidly wrote a letter to John L. Stevens, requesting military assistance for the overthrow of the queens regime. Soon after, on July 4th 1894, the country of Hawaii was proclaimed. During the Spanish colonization of Cuba in 1897, William McKinley was sworn in as chair of the United States.McKinley did not like the idea of the Spanish in Cuba. However when talk about McKinley, Kinzer states William McKinley believed that a self-governed Cuba would pose an extreme threat to the United States, for they might not do Washingtons mastery (Kinzer 35). later on on all, t he revolutionary leaders in Cuba were already talking about the social reforms and land redistribution they wanted to initiate. This greatly alarmed many American line of descentmen, for over $50 million was invested primarily in Cubas agriculture.McKinley had finally had enough and had decided it was while to use military force to pole the Spanish regime in Cuba. On April 25th 1898, the Spanish-American War had officially begun. later on the Spanish surrender, America started to kill Cubas dream of independence. In the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain gave up all rights to Cuba, surrendered Puerto anti-racketeering law and Guam, and sold Philippines for $20 million to the United States. The Platt Amendment gave the US some economic and military control of Cuba. McKinley initially only wanted to build a naval base at Manila, Philippines. subsequent however, he decided he would embark on a journey of Christianizing the country. This was superfluous however, for most Filipinos were a lready Catholic. On June second 1899, the official Philippine-American War started. The United States would win the war, and dissolute the First Philippine Republic. At this point, the United States had obtained, by force, full reign over the Philippines. With Cuba, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under its belt, America now had access to a gigantic array of natural resources and an assortment of markets.However, the conquest would not end there. In rules of order for one to understand the takeover of Nicaragua, one must understand Central America in the late 19th century. The late 19th century proved to be a fond idealistic era for Central America. Ideas of both social and political reforms were sweeping many Central nations, ideas stimulate by European philosophers. These ideas were absolutely detested by the American government, for these ideas called for change. These ideas were look up to by Central Americans because they all desired change.Jose Santos Zelaya b ecame professorship of Nicaragua in 1893. He adopted many revolutionary changes, such as merchandise the automobile and legalizing civil marriage. He too had a very strong stress on building and expanding the countrys infrastructure. At first Zelaya and America were on strong terms, for there have been dialog of building a canal through Nicaragua. Later however, Panama was chosen as the building site, temporarily ending American interest in Nicaragua.As historian John Ellis wrote To the State Department, Nicaragua was no longer a country that needed to be coddled or cared for in preparation for future usefulness, rather, it was not a country that needed to be watched carefully and kept in line (Kinzer 60). A very strong nationalist, Zelaya was giving some of the American business based in his country trouble, which didnt appeal to the United States secretary of state Philander Knox. What angered Knox even more was that Zelaya went to European banks to borrow money for his railroad track project, not American banks.This showed the Taft administration that Nicaragua was difficult not to depend on the States as much as they used to, which of contrast cause congressional panic. After much trouble from Knox, Zelaya finally resigned in 1909. After the brief command of Jose Madriz, Juan Jose Estrada took over the country, and the new conservative government was much admired and supported by the United States. Estradas coming to power marks the conquest of Nicaragua, because of Americas strong influence on Estradas regime.As demonstrated, the United States has always obtained a hostile approach regarding takeovers and conquest. The first overthrow took place in Hawaii where the queen was relieved of her position. Cuba was later obtained from Spain with the help of brute force and intimidation. Philippines and Puerto Rico were also obtained in the same fashion. Nicaraguas government fell victim to an American sponsored coup, and their government was taken o ver by the Americans. It seems like there has always been a recurring pattern end-to-end American history. If you try to stand up to the US government, you will go down.If you operate your country in a way that doesnt appeal to the US government, youre exit down. If you just happen to be doing good for your country, theres exempt a good chance youre still going down. America has always been that big bully that beats on the myopic kids at school, because they are just too weak to defend themselves. America throughout the 19th century was a product of a heavily industrialized society, a society that must rely on domination of other markets and other countries resources in order to keep expanding and thriving.